What Are Varicose Veins?
Varicose veins are enlarged, twisted veins that often appear near the skin’s surface, usually in the legs. They result from weakened vein walls and faulty valves that cause blood to pool instead of flowing toward the heart. While often a cosmetic concern, they can also cause discomfort and pain.
Causes of Varicose Veins
Varicose veins occur when blood pools in the veins due to malfunctioning valves. Common causes include:
- Aging: Vein elasticity decreases over time.
- Obesity: Excess weight puts pressure on leg veins.
- Prolonged Standing or Sitting: Limits blood flow.
- Pregnancy and Hormonal Changes: Increased blood volume and hormonal fluctuations can enlarge veins.
- Family History: Genetics play a role in vein health.
Symptoms of Varicose Veins
Signs include:
- Bulging, twisted veins that are blue or purple.
- Aching or heavy legs.
- Swelling, throbbing, or cramping in the lower legs.
- Itching around affected veins.
- Skin discoloration around the veins.
When to Consult a Doctor
Seek medical advice if you experience severe pain, swelling, or significant changes in the appearance of your veins.
Diagnosis of Varicose Veins
A healthcare provider examines the veins and may recommend:
- Ultrasound: To check blood flow.
- Venogram: Uses dye and X-rays to assess vein function in severe cases.
Risk Factors
Factors that increase the likelihood of varicose veins include:
- Excess Weight: Raises vein pressure.
- Prolonged Inactivity: Reduces blood flow.
- Hormonal Changes: Affects vein elasticity, especially in women.
Complications of Varicose Veins
Although rare, complications may include:
- Blood Clots: Painful swelling in deeper veins.
- Ulcers: Painful sores, often near the ankles.
- Bleeding: Veins close to the skin can burst.
Treatment Options
Most treatments focus on lifestyle changes, but more severe cases may require medical intervention.
Lifestyle Changes:
- Regular exercise to improve blood flow.
- Maintain a healthy weight.
- Avoid prolonged sitting or standing.
- Use compression stockings to improve circulation.
- Sclerotherapy: Injection of chemicals to close off veins.
- Laser Surgery: Uses light energy to block veins.
- Endovenous Ablation: Uses radiofrequency or laser heat to seal veins.
- Vein Stripping and Ligation: Surgical removal of problematic veins.
- Endoscopic Vein Surgery: Minimally invasive procedure for severe cases.
